Proppants under pressure in the closed state

According  Proppant  strength, hardness, hardness of the rock wall and the closing pressure (close pressure) of the relative relationship between a pressure in the closed proppant has three states.
1) proppant embedment rock formations. If the rock hardness greater than the hardness of proppant,  fracturing proppant  will be embedded in the wall, thereby reducing the propped fracture width and reduce fracture conductivity.
2) to be crushed proppant. If the hardness is less than the hardness of the rock support agent, and less than the compressive strength of the proppant by the closing pressure, the proppant will be crushed. This not only reduces the width of the propped  Fracturing    and because proppant crushing embedded in each of the support also reduces the fracture permeability, thereby reducing the fracture conductivity.
3)  Proppant  compressive deformation. For toughness proppants under pressure in the closed first ductile deformation proppant increased bearing area, thereby increasing the bearing capacity of proppant without breaking. Therefore, although the use of toughness reduced proppant proppant fracture width, but there is no broken particles, so there is still a relatively high fracture conductivity.