2013年7月29日星期一

Hydraulic fracturing: Fu Xi disaster by V?

Hydraulic fracturing is a technique to improve the efficiency of oil and natural gas extraction method, while able to take advantage of previously untapped unconventional resources, by pumping fracturing fluids (including water, chemicals and materials to produce cracks) to the hole inside . As this technology is the most developed of the U.S., several years ago we applied this technology to increase oil and gas production areas. Especially being heralded as an energy revolution in  shale gas  - U.S. shale gas production from natural gas accounted for 2 per cent in 2000 to 40 percent in 2012, after being touted as a cleaner alternative to coal after fracturing technology is being "sought after." However, there is damage to the environment due to fracturing techniques and other issues, is also seen as only a simple expedient to delay the inevitable end of fossil fuels. Shale gas is indeed cleaner than coal, easy assignment. However, fracking harm to the environment, including lead to significant amounts of methane leakage. Hazards of methane to the atmosphere than carbon dioxide warming more dangerous. Experts said fracturing must be controlled for in order to ensure protection of the environment. Priority is to continue the development of renewable energy technologies and to provide political and economic incentives to implement such technology. From an environmental perspective, fracturing will bring many risks. Millions of gallons of water is pumped into the ground, in the areas of serious water shortage, water scarcity will only add to the problem. Many studies have shown that chemical substances used fracturing may contaminate groundwater, and may even increase the seismic activity. In fact, many areas in response to public outcry and respond to environmental concerns, has banned hydraulic fracturing. In 2011, France became the first country to ban hydraulic fracturing, lawmakers insist the ban until it can be clearly demonstrated fracturing will not cause groundwater contamination. Quebec also suspended  hydraulic fracturing  activities. However, the most dangerous aspect of hydraulic fracturing is a continuation of the dependence on fossil fuels. Although hydraulic fracturing can provide more fuel, improve oil recovery efficiency, but it is still a limited pollution resources. Combustion of natural gas is less carbon emissions than coal, but methane gas wells high leakage rate would be offset by the advantages. In addition, from coal to natural gas only saves us from dependence on a fossil fuel to another fossil fuels. Although many proponents claim that hydraulic fracturing, natural gas could provide the U.S. with over 100 years of energy, but this claim has been slashed to just 24 years, and is based on consumption without any significant growth above.

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