High seam shale gas technology control

When a thin layer resin coated frac sand the oil and gas producing formation and occlusion layer or the minimum horizontal principal stress difference is small , the pressure to open the fracture height is very easy to enter the block layer , then the need to control the height of the crack extension . Performance by controlling the fracturing fluid displacement parameters and construction to achieve more reliable artificial barrier controlled seam high fracturing technology. The basic principle is added in front of the float type liquid or sunken directing agent , by bringing it into the crack front fluid , floating -directing agent and agent -oriented style sink floating and sinking were gathered at the top and bottom of the artificial cracks , formation of compacted low permeability artificial barrier to prevent cracks in pressure up / down spread , reaching a high slit control purposes . In order to make the two -directing agent can float and sink , usually carrying directing agent after injection of liquid short-term stop the pump , then normal fracturing operations . Control joints artificial barrier layer and mainly for the production of high-tech non-productive layers interbedded massive homogeneous formation ; inter- layer and gas production , the water layer without good barrier ; production layer and cover layer stress difference can not effectively control the vertical cracks to extend . Testing fracturing technology : Test fracturing fracturing , fracturing proppants also known as small-scale test , which is carried out a small-scale fracturing fracturing pressure to obtain and analyze the parameters of cracks . Including crack extension stress tests , fracture closure pressure test , micro- injection test.

Shale of knowledge

Shale filter using natural rock - shale as ceramic proppant suppliers materials, high temperature roasting refined. Shale its non-toxic , tasteless , compression wear , corrosion , Shale and has a good adsorption properties and strength for purifying all kinds of water quality. Also for floral arrangements soilless cultivation , its light weight, compressive strength, heat , frost , shock , radiation , etc. can also be used to make building energy-saving materials. Shale is a new filter biofilm carrier filler. Shale using shale or clay, adding the active agent , the high temperature calcination , finishing. It has good physical, chemical and hydraulic characteristics, large surface area ratio, porosity, adsorption interception ability. How lightweight proppant , multi-angular , rough and easy to hang the film , and a certain mechanical strength , is an ideal carrier microorganism

using coal as fuel, to advance on the preparation and processing

significant influence on the combustion. It is very important to fineness. Pulverized coal fineness of any change, fracturing proppant will change the furnace condition. So the coal fineness must be strictly controlled. Hair too coarse pulverized coal, resulting in part of coarse grain cannot be burned in the combustion zone, thus make the temperature of the combustion zone couldn't get on. In addition, coal humidity and important exceptions, if moisture content is too high, cause the evaporation of heat consumption, thus affecting the furnace combustion conditions. Pulverized coal burner to a second combustion within the duct into the combustion zone. Kiln operators have been point, is minimal or no air, can use a higher calorific value of the secondary air to burn. Heavy oil: using heavy oil as fuel, should first atomized into small droplets, it makes it easy to with oxygen burning, so difficult to use, at the same time its use cost is higher than the natural gas and coal. Look from all aspects, proppant sand manufacturers  should not be bilge ceramsite burning fuel.

Pulverized coal preparation, because our country ceramsite calcined rotary kiln at present most used coal as fuel, so the emphasis to introduce the preparation of pulverized coal and coal. The current domestic large and medium-sized ceramsite factory of pulverized coal preparation most USES wind sweep type ball mill, ATOX vertical mill, etc. The moisture content is not more than 12% of the crushed coal (diameter < 20 mm) directly into the dry grinding fine, hot air temperature is below 300 degrees from vertical cooling machine or ceramsite sand kiln kiln activities on introduction, the mill of hot air and pulverized coal (80 ~ 100 degrees) by the cyclone separator pulverized coal discharge into the intermediate storehouse, exhaust gas (including coal) is introduced into a draught fan, along with the middle under-bin feeding measurement of pulverized coal into the furnace together. The system functions well and fine grinding (drying), using ceramsite waste heat, environmental protection, good (no dust exhaust emissions), but the investment is big, is suitable for the annual output of more than 5 x 104 m3 of ceramsite production line.

Proppant use

Proppants for hydraulic fracturing can be used in deep, high-pressure oil and gas layers. High quality bauxite, the raw material for the king to be finely ground into a fine powder after crushing, with various additives, repeatedly kneading, granulation, polishing. Sintered at high temperature, the fracturing proppant has high strength, low density, good sphericity, finish high conductivity and strong advantages. By the China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Langfang Branch support evaluation laboratory testing, the performance indicators fully meet SY / T5108-2006, SY / T6302-1997 standard, currently in the lead.

Common criteria of proppant, quartz sand,frac sand

Natural quartz sand,( proppant sand manufacturers ) Tao Lisha, aluminum oxide and silicate proppants, artificial support agent is oil and gas production on the market commonly used standard proppant.

  Quartz is main component of crustal composition in nature. Part exists in silicate compound state, oil fracturing proppant , constitute a variety of minerals and rocks. Another part is to the independent state of existence, a separate mineral entity.

  Although they have the same chemical composition, Hydraulic Fracturing Proppants , which are SiO2, but because the petrogeneticmetallogenetic conditions are different, and there are many kinds of state and a paramorph.

Fracturing proppant and the fracture conductivity

In the oil industry, in hydraulic fracturing ( hydraulic fracturing proppant )at the beginning, only natural quartz sand and is alwaysused as proppant fracturing material.

The 50's and 60's development of sand source and different flow capacity throughscreening, proppant conductivity , get higher.

The types, physical properties of proppant (size, intensity, sphericity, roundness, density etc.) and its distribution in the cracks, and crack closure pressure are the main factors controlling fracture conductivity.

The fracture flow capacity and fracturing material

The fracture ( fracturing proppants )flow capacity refers to the ability of crack conduction (delivery) of reservoir fluids, and with fracture proppant permeability (Kf) and crack of propped fracture width (Wf) of the product [KW]f to indicate.

  Many factors of master fracturing proppant physical properties and impact fracture flow capacity, is conducive to the rational selection of proppant, is conducive to the fracturing fluid with proppant fracturing material provides more exact requirements.