In the oil industry, in hydraulic fracturing ( hydraulic fracturing proppant )at the beginning, only natural quartz sand and is alwaysused as proppant fracturing material.
The 50's and 60's development of sand source and different flow capacity throughscreening, proppant conductivity , get higher.
The types, physical properties of proppant (size, intensity, sphericity, roundness, density etc.) and its distribution in the cracks, and crack closure pressure are the main factors controlling fracture conductivity.
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