Preparation of oil shale residue proppant

Preparation of oil shale residue proppant research hydraulic fracturing technology is an efficient technology of oil field production. The process is to use the high pressure pump group on the ground, the high viscosity of fracturing fluid to greatly exceed resin coated frac sand displacement of the absorptive capacity is injected into the borehole, at the bottom to suppress high pressure; When the pressure is greater than the wall near the formation stress and formation rock tensile strength, near the bottom of the formation of cracks; Continue to inject with natural gas fracturing sand fluid, crack extension forward and is filled with fracturing proppant, shut-in after fracture closure on the filling of proppant, finally have emerged near the bottom hole formation has certain geometry dimension and flow conductivity of fracture, is advantageous for the crude oil around faster into the bottom of the well, achieve the goal of production. Hydraulic fracturing proppant as the important filling medium, its performance directly affects the whole well production capacity. So, the research of high performance oil proppant for oilfield production is very necessary. Oil fracturing proppant * main points of natural quartz sand, artificial ceramsite proppant, resin coated proppant (i.e., resin coated proppant) three categories, the effect of coated sand and resin coated ceramsite proppant and points two kinds. Natural quartz sand because of the sphericity is bad, low intensity, but the lowest cost, so generally used in great quantities in the shallow well; Artificial ceramsite proppant due to its good sphericity, high strength, corrosion resistance is strong, as well as good conductivity, by a large number of used for medium and deep well fracturing..

Shale gas reservoir fracturing proppant settlement

Shale gas reservoir fracturing proppant settlement regularity and the experimental research on shale gas development is a system, a vast amount of engineering, its high technical requirements and more money. Horizontal well development and technology of hydraulic fracturing is the core of the shale gas development. Than with conventional guanidine gum fracturing fluids, gliding water to form complex fracture network, greatly improve the effect of well stimulation. As a result, the shale gas reservoir fracturing slippery water often used as a fracturing fluid, large displacement, low viscosity construction method. Low viscosity, but due to slippery water carrying capacity is poor, proppant settlement regularity with different conventional petroleum proppant gum fracturing fluid. At present, China about shale gas reservoir, fracturing proppant settlement rule research focuses on the theoretical aspects, construction technology and main draw lessons from foreign practices, or software simulation based on the experience, lack of effective means of experiment; Especially for gliding water carrier proppant settlement, the migration regularity of research is still in its infancy, lack the necessary indoor experiment and system theory to guide the shale gas reservoir fracturing design and construction. To this end, the author designed a model device, and through the device simulation gliding water carrier in the fracture process, studies the construction capacity, seam width, proppant sand particle size and viscosity of fracturing fluid and than within the fracture parameters such as Hydraulic Fracturing Proppants settlement and the influence of the conveyance speed, so as to provide reference for establishing reasonable construction parameters.

Ceramsite oil fracturing proppant is reviewed

Oil fracturing proppant plant is keep deep strata rock fracture crack state support, its role is to support two wall cracks, to stop pump injection, in bottom hole pressure drop to less than closure pressure leads to the fracture of oil and gas Wells eye has remained open. Injection in oil and gas well fracturing proppant purpose is to improve the permeability of reservoir capacity, increase oil production. Since 1947, when the hydraulic fracturing technology was successfully in the United States has more than 60 years of development, proppant material also changed a lot. 50 ~ 60 s of the 20th century, aluminum ball, plastic ball, walnut shell, glass used as proppant material, but due to their own defects have been eliminated. The proppant used at present is mainly quartz sand and ceramsite. Current situation of the development of oil fracturing well fracking proppant as oil fracturing proppant, quartz sand has a relatively low density, is advantageous for the construction of pumping, the advantages of low price. However, there is also a strength is low, easy to broken, sphericity and low surface roughness, is not conducive to guide the oil permeability shortcomings. Therefore, quartz sand is only applicable to shallow Wells, low closure pressure the hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas layer. For the deep low permeable reservoirs, as a result of the buried depth of oil and gas layer is relatively great, formation closure pressure is high, the temperature is high, the main use of artificial ceramsite proppant.

Hydraulic fracturing proppant backflow control measures are discussed

Hydraulic fracturing proppant backflow control measures to investigate the hydraulic fracturing is the main measures to increase productivity and augmented injection of low permeable oil fields, but in most cases, the fracturing proppant after construction with the drainage or oil and gas production and backflow, fracturing fluid friction proppant will be out of the cracks. Problems mainly has two aspects: one is not choose the reasonable time to control the fracturing proppant migration, resulting in a large number of proppant backflow to the shaft (spit out fracturing sand), or in the near wellbore zone and broken, thus make the reservoir area proppant little or distribution is not reasonable. It largely reduce the fracture diverting capacity, serious can lead to the failure of the fracturing operation; Second, flowback flow control is bad, make the frac sand companies of proppant rushed out of the mouth of the well, stab put nozzle and other equipment damage. Buried in the production of perforation pump barrel, even lead to higher maintenance costs and frequent downtime. Therefore, in the process of fracturing operation, must maximize fracturing fluid flowback rate, decrease fracturing fluid to the formation of pollution, and to minimize the proppant backflow, improve the effect of hydraulic fracturing, carrying out a research into the proppant backflow control measures, to improve the level of low permeable oilfield development is of far-reaching significance. The main factors influencing the proppant backflow is analysed in terms of single grain of proppant, when its under free state, the little energy can be brought into the wellbore, this kind of situation usually occurs at the beginning of the drainage; And when the proppant in the seam.

Hydraulic fracturing proppant backflow control measures are discussed

Hydraulic fracturing proppant backflow control measures to investigate the hydraulic fracturing is the main measures to increase productivity and augmented injection of low permeable oil fields, but in most cases, the fracturing proppant after construction with the drainage or oil and gas production and backflow, fracturing fluid friction proppant will be out of the cracks. Problems mainly has two aspects: one is not choose the reasonable time to control the fracturing proppant migration, resulting in a large number of proppant backflow to the shaft (spit out fracturing sand), or in the near wellbore zone and broken, thus make the reservoir area proppant little or distribution is not reasonable. It largely reduce the fracture diverting capacity, serious can lead to the failure of the fracturing operation; Second, flowback flow control is bad, make the frac sand companies of proppant rushed out of the mouth of the well, stab put nozzle and other equipment damage. Buried in the production of perforation pump barrel, even lead to higher maintenance costs and frequent downtime. Therefore, in the process of fracturing operation, must maximize fracturing fluid flowback rate, decrease fracturing fluid to the formation of pollution, and to minimize the proppant backflow, improve the effect of hydraulic fracturing, carrying out a research into the proppant backflow control measures, to improve the level of low permeable oilfield development is of far-reaching significance. The main factors influencing the proppant backflow is analysed in terms of single grain of proppant, when its under free state, the little energy can be brought into the wellbore, this kind of situation usually occurs at the beginning of the drainage; And when the proppant in the seam.

Hydraulic fracturing proppant backflow control measures are discussed

Hydraulic fracturing proppant backflow control measures to investigate the hydraulic fracturing is the main measures to increase productivity and augmented injection of low permeable oil fields, but in most cases, the fracturing proppant after construction with the drainage or oil and gas production and backflow, fracturing fluid friction proppant will be out of the cracks. Problems mainly has two aspects: one is not choose the reasonable time to control the fracturing proppant migration, resulting in a large number of proppant backflow to the shaft (spit out fracturing sand), or in the near wellbore zone and broken, thus make the reservoir area proppant little or distribution is not reasonable. It largely reduce the fracture diverting capacity, serious can lead to the failure of the fracturing operation; Second, flowback flow control is bad, make the frac sand companies of proppant rushed out of the mouth of the well, stab put nozzle and other equipment damage. Buried in the production of perforation pump barrel, even lead to higher maintenance costs and frequent downtime. Therefore, in the process of fracturing operation, must maximize fracturing fluid flowback rate, decrease fracturing fluid to the formation of pollution, and to minimize the proppant backflow, improve the effect of hydraulic fracturing, carrying out a research into the proppant backflow control measures, to improve the level of low permeable oilfield development is of far-reaching significance. The main factors influencing the proppant backflow is analysed in terms of single grain of proppant, when its under free state, the little energy can be brought into the wellbore, this kind of situation usually occurs at the beginning of the drainage; And when the proppant in the seam.

Shale gas development has a long service life and long production cycle

Shale gas development has a long service life and long production cycle, most of the gas shale distribution range, Chinese rock gas frac sand companies in thickness, and the common gas, makes gas shale gas well to long-term stability. But the shale gas reservoir permeability is low, mining is difficult. As the world's energy consumption rising, including shale gas, unconventional energy more and more be taken seriously. The United States and Canada and other frac sand already realized shale gas commercial development. Shale gas reservoirs usually assumes the physical characteristics of low porosity, low permeability, flow resistance than conventional natural gas, all well need to implement reservoir fracturing can be mined. On the other hand, the recovery rate is lower than the conventional gas shale gas, conventional gas recovery rate over 60%, and shale gas is only 5% ~ 60%. Low yield affects people enthusiasm for it, the United States there have been some advanced technology can improve the yield of shale gas well. China's shale gas reservoir compared with America, such as shale gas reservoirs of the sichuan basin buried depth than the United States, the depth of shale gas in the United States in 800 ~ 2600 meters, and the embedded depth of shale gas reservoirs of the sichuan basin in 2000 ~ 3500 meters. The increase of the depth of the shale gas will undoubtedly again on our immature technology adds to the difficulty.

Widely used in water treatment filter and oil field and other hydraulic support agent

Shale ceramsite sand is made of high quality clay are super fineness 300 ball material and the high temperature burn becomes over 1300 degrees Celsius, are widely used in water treatment filter and hydraulic support agent such as oil field. Is the latest material to replace quartz sand gravel and fiber. Ceramic material has the advantage that: the high fracturing proppant burn round smooth, high strength, under the hydraulic impact is not easy to broken, no harmful trace elements, the pollution of water quality filter permeability is strong, good adsorption, uniform size, especially the ceramic materials have high aluminum content, the effect of frac sand in water into three aluminium chloride, aluminium chloride alkali, purifying water quality. Shale ceramsite sand filter material is qualitative light, specific surface area, adsorption floating capability is strong, and has wear-resisting, resistance to erosion, microporous, sewage capability is strong, stable performance, etc. Shale ceramsite sand filter material in shale ceramsite sand base makings, finishing, and it has enough mechanical strength. To avoid in the process of scour, fractured because of friction. Have enough chemical stability, in alkaline, neutral and acidic don't dissolve in water or oil. Is the processing and purification acid, alkaline water the best products. Have certain particles after the match. Rough surface and edges. Can protect filtration velocity, and have a plenty of carrying capacity. Able to adapt to and meet the requirements of oil or water purification design. Use of shale ceramsite sand skeleton material as light set, adding ceramic sand, slag or fly ash and other industrial waste, using cement as cementing material, the production of products with light weight, insulation, energy saving, etc. USES of the product as a building wall materials to realize building energy efficiency. According to the test, ceramsite sand block 40 cm thick clay solid brick wall heat transfer coefficient is equal to 1.48 m thickness, energy saving, thermal insulation effect is very significant. Not bearing porous thermal insulation block (light aggregate concrete small hollow block). According to the design requirements for production, can be used as a frame structure design of filling wall materials, suitable for high-rise buildings. Light concrete bearing porous thermal insulation block. According to the design requirements of building enterprise production, can be used as the frame structure design of wall materials, product features besides has the performance of heat preservation and energy saving, also has high strength, bearing the characteristics of the suitable for multistory buildings (8). Inside the porous wall. The product specification as follows: width 30 cm, 60 cm; The thickness of the 6 cm to 12 cm; For any length. As a building wall plate, high construction speed, sound insulation, heat preservation, low cost, suitable for various building structures. 4, insulation hollow beam trough plate. According to the requirements of design production, solve the multi-story or high-rise building concrete ring beam in difficult problems of poor heat transfer coefficient, heat preservation performance, suitable for all kinds of structure of the building.

Shale gas development has extensive geological significance

Shale gas development has extensive geological significance, exists in nearly all of the basin, but due to large buried depth, gas saturation difference respectively have different industrial value. Chinese traditional sense of the fracture of the shale gas, shale reservoirs, shale fracture reservoirs, fractured reservoirs is fracturing proppant with this pretty, but I did not consider which does not take into account the adsorption mechanism of the primary attributes of natural gas, and understanding on the subject for free phase of gathered in the cracks of the shale oil and gas. Therefore belongs to incomplete in the sense of shale gas. As a result, China's concept of mud shale fractured reservoir in today's connotation of shale gas is not identical with the United States, respectively in the hydrocarbon source of material content, storage phase, are large differences in the characteristics and composition of China's major basins and regions shale gas resource is about 15 trillion - 30 trillion cubic meters, 28.3 trillion cubic meters of the same with the United States, a huge economic value. On the other hand, long production period is also a remarkable characteristics of shale gas. Shale gas frac sand companies life generally up to 30 ~ 50 years, or longer. The federal geological survey according to the latest figures, the United States in fort basin Barnett shale gas field production life of up to 80 ~ 80. Mining long life, means that the value of development and utilization of large, it also determines its development potential. Shale gas

Shale gas, are mined from shale gas, is an important unconventional gas resources

Shale gas, are mined from shale gas, is an important unconventional gas resources. The formation and enrichment of shale gas has its unique characteristics, are often distributed in basin large thickness, wide distribution of shale formation hydrocarbon source rock. fracturing proppant to conventional gas, shale gas development has a long service life and long production cycle, most of the gas shale distribution range, thickness, and universal gas, which makes the shale gas well to long-term gas at a steady rate. A state with a free or adsorption hiding in shale and mudstone layer of gas shale gas, unconventional day is becoming a stirring power in the world market. This is the international energy industry is called "game changer" gas, greatly changed the pattern of energy of the world. Especially occurs in unconventional gas in shale. Shale is dense rock, so it can also be classified as dense atmosphere. Industrial development success only for North America (mainly the United States). It began in the Appalachian basin of devonian system shale, as the dark brown or black, rich organic matter, but a lot of frac sand companies. Reservoir space is given priority to with cracks, and in the form of adsorbed gas and water soluble gas occurrence, for low (negative) pressure, low saturation (30%), and thus provide sustainable. But in the fracture development zone, to obtain the higher yields underground explosions and fracturing renovation measures such as protection results. In the mid - 1990 - s has been expanded to Michigan and Illinois basin, the reservoir and expand to the carboniferous shale, output of 8.4 billion cubic meters. The resource of trillions of cubic meters.

Ceramsite

Ceramsite: flowers, flowers, nursery, frac sand industry home and abroad generally used ceramsite as water, fertilizer, the best material storage for ceramsite is high temperature sintered porous structure material, mass scale appearance with a layer of ceramic shaft, inside the honeycomb micropore, so it has the function of water storage fat storage and fracturing proppant the advantages of not harden soil, luxury hotels are flowers, trees, community garden ideal material. Green filter materials compared with organic filter materials such as plastic, ceramic and ceramic sand used in sewage treatment plant, water plant, etc

Filtration material, when the full absorption of sludge, with water backwashing, make its repeated use, the waste to landfill, because its itself is argillaceous SLATE by sintering and become, after the landfill can form new soil layer and page, will not damage the environment, is a green filter material, the repetition of reusability, still can greatly decrease the cost of wastewater treatment or water filtration