Volume fracturing mechanism

The reservoir through hydraulic fracturing implementation of the transformation , while the formation of one or multiple main crack , so expanding natural fractures and brittle rock shear slip , to achieve communication of natural fractures , rock bedding , as well as cracks in the main lateral force the formation of secondary high density ceramic cracks and secondary cracks in the secondary cracks continue to form secondary branches , and so on , forming a network of natural fractures and artificial crack crack intertwined . Thus the effective reservoir seepage can be broken to achieve a comprehensive transformation of length, width and height of the three-dimensional direction , increasing the flow area and diversion can increase initial production and ultimate recovery . Volume fracturing proposed reform is based on the volume of this new modern theories put forward . Transformation of the concept of volume appears to subvert the classical fracture theory is the basis for the development of the modern theory of fracturing . Conventional fracturing technology is built in to the linear elastic fracture petroleum proppant mechanics based on classical theory of technology. The most important feature of this technology is the assumption that the artificial fracturing of open -type fracture initiation and formation of cracks in the wings symmetrical perforation intervals along the wellbore . In order to achieve an improvement in the main reservoir seepage cracks capacity , the main vertical cracks in the matrix to the fracture is still " a long distance " seepage , the biggest drawback is the main vertical cracks seepage ability did not improve , the mainstream channels can not be improved the overall flow capacity of the reservoir . Although research studies in the latter part of the non-planar crack extension , but it is limited in many cracks , analysis and characterization of cracks , joints and other types of complex fractures of bending , but theoretically no breakthrough . The " volume reform" according to its definition, the formation of cracks in the system is a complex network , crack initiation and propagation of cracks are tensile cracks of simple , but there are still cut, slip faulting and other complex mechanical behavior .