The new technique involves super lightweight proppant

The new technique involves super lightweight proppant and water weight polymers, super lightweight proppant settling rate is much slower than the sand and ceramics, which to some extent reduces the required volume of water, while some offset by higher unit costs.
Method is a very meaningful alternative to the solution to promote adhesion of microbubbles sediment, like ultra lightweight proppant as easily portable, which reduces the amount of traditional job requirements, but also improve the well productivity, the main is due to improved connectivity.
A different strategy is the channel Fiber can be used for coagulation proppant pillar structure and the formation of poly block channels to promote traffic and prevent the scattering of the pumping process.
For the North American onshore  Unconventional gas  services sector, the main driver of value creation may turn to technology to improve operational efficiency and production integration. In fact, the technology has the potential to improve the mechanical efficiency of the equipment through improved standardization and standardization of equipment.

Production of ceramic proppant to note the following seven elements

To the level of bauxite -based raw materials , dolomite , boric acid, bentonite, precipitated barium sulfate as a secondary raw material to manufacture Resin coated ceramic proppant , the effect of addition of various materials on the proppant performance . The results show that through rational design of various ratios of raw materials, improved granulation process and select the appropriate sintering temperature can develop excellent performance ceramic proppant . After the practice of industrial production , Ultra lightweight proppant confirming the production process design is feasible . Study the following conclusions:

    ( 1 ) According to Al203-Si02 binary phase diagram , select the level of bauxite -based raw materials, adding a certain amount of auxiliary materials can produce excellent performance of ceramic proppant , the process parameters are also exposed to the range of company equipment within ;
    ( 2 ) because of the small silica particles can be effectively filled in the gaps between the bauxite and other powder , in the firing process , due to their activity , is conducive to reduce the sintering temperature, while the amount of silicon powder also help to improve performance ;

Classification of coatings

A wide variety of synthetic resin paint, there are ultra lightweight proppant two kinds of classification methods:
(1) according to the main film forming material classification
Due to the resin is different and each has its characteristics (table 1). Alkyd resin coating production of the largest, fastest growing acrylic resin coatings, amino resin coating, epoxy resin coating, polyurethane coating production is bigger also, this is constitute the five varieties of synthetic resin coating.
(2) the classification according to the oil well fracking with the dispersion medium
Can be divided into three categories of solvent, water type, no solvent (table 2). Solvent-based coating production of the largest, widely used, but because of the need to use a large number of organic solvents, environmental pollution, are being high solid coatings, water type coatings, powder coatings and radiation curing coating gradually replaced. Sometimes call this a few kinds paint coating of saving energy and low pollution, save resources, is the coating product of new variety.