Shale gas water fracturing technology and China's constraints

Horizontal drilling and multi-stage fracturing of shale gas development is the core technology, but also the countries hope to break through the technical "bottleneck." Currently, large-scale hydraulic fracturing proppant is the transformation of shale gas, the key to creating business capacity, but can not fully meet the actual needs of China. Compared with North America, China shale gas development more special geological conditions, scope buried deeper stratigraphic older.

China shale gas are located in Sichuan, Guizhou, Xinjiang, Songliao and other hilly, mountainous areas, water scarcity, transportation inconvenience, a large water fracturing can only meet the pre-trial development, when large-scale commercial exploitation of these problems will certainly as a constraint to the development of shale gas an important factor. Therefore, to explore shale gas development to adapt to China's technology system, the formation of independent property rights of the original innovation is the only way for China's shale gas development.

Ceramic sand production line is widely used in China has become a trend

In the 21st century, ceramic sand production line more than 15% annual growth in China . Significant increase in applications from the traditional civil engineering ceramic oriented to based products, such as ceramic on ceramic blocks and wallboard demand , stimulating the rapid growth of ceramic ; ceramic materials on the traditional sticky shale to industrial waste and sludge ; ceramic production equipment, large-scale, production control automation trend is more pronounced.
hydraulic fracturing properties:
1 heat insulation . Due to internal porous ceramic , it has good thermal insulation , with its preparation of concrete thermal conductivity is generally 0.3 ~ 0.8W / (mk), 1 ~ 2 times lower than ordinary concrete .
2 excellent fire resistance . Common Lytag concrete or brick set Lytag insulation , earthquake , frost , fire and other properties in one, especially fire resistance is four times more than ordinary concrete.
3 good seismic performance. Because ceramic concrete light weight, low elastic modulus, good resistance to deformation , it has a better seismic performance.
4 excellent oil fracturing support effect. When ceramic products used in deep well fracturing equipment , which was filled to the low permeability fractured rock deposits in high closed fracturing treatment to split hydrocarbon formations , play a supporting fissures not because of stress release and closed, thus maintaining high conductivity of oil and gas , not only to increase oil and gas production , and more to extend the service life of oil and gas wells .

5 good water effects. hydraulic fracturing proppant devices usually do uniform media for water treatment works best , it is smooth, filtration resistance , wear resistance, not broken , do not agglomerate , easy regeneration, is generally not replaced. 7 . Impermeability excellent . According to several tests , impermeability ceramic concrete is better than ordinary concrete . So one fine ceramic concrete dam construction materials production , underground works .
6 adaptability. Depending on the country resources, respectively, using clay , shale, fly ash or other solid waste to produce ceramic . Depending on the application and market needs , can produce different bulk density and particle size of the ceramic products ( lightweight ceramic structure with ceramic insulation , structural ceramic ) , also produce special purpose ceramic, such as high temperature ceramic tablets , acid , such as ceramic and ceramic flowers .

Fracturing proppant and the fracture conductivity

In the oil industry, in hydraulic fracturing ( hydraulic fracturing proppant )at the beginning, only natural quartz sand and is alwaysused as proppant fracturing material.

The 50's and 60's development of sand source and different flow capacity throughscreening, proppant conductivity , get higher.

The types, physical properties of proppant (size, intensity, sphericity, roundness, density etc.) and its distribution in the cracks, and crack closure pressure are the main factors controlling fracture conductivity.