the new high-strength bauxite proppant

This paper discusses laboratory studies of the new high-strength bauxite proppant, describes field applications of the proppant, and summarizes factors affecting hydraulic fracture stimulation. The field results have shown that the benefits predicted from laboratory studies can be realized. Wide spread use of the new high-strength proppant is expected in the future.

MAIDE Ceramics Company has worked to develop high crush proppants.

MAIDE Ceramics Company has worked for several years to develop improved, high crush proppants. A wide variety of materials weretested in the laboratory under simulated reservoir conditions. One material,sintered bauxite proppant particles, showed greatly improved properties particles,showed greatly improved properties over any material available in the past andit has been field tested to date in 12 wells--all deeper than 10,000 ft.

hydraulic fracturing treatments in order to produce at economic rates

The shortage of natural gas in the U.S. has caused an increasing number of deep well completions over the past several years--a trend that will likelycontinue. Many of these deeper wells will require hydraulic fracturing treatments in order to produce at economic rates. To achieve successful fracturing results, a material having properties superior to sand is needed toprop open the hydraulic fractures created at the high earth stresses present indeep wells.Resin coated silica sand, the commonly used propping material, tends to crush atclosure stresses encountered in deep formations, producing fine particles orfragments that can drastically reduce fluid conductivity of the proppedfracture. propped fracture. Efforts to develop a proppant capable of bearinghigh stresses without excessive crushing have produced such materials as glassbeads, steel shot, and aluminum pellets. Glass beads have been usedcommercially for over ten years, but there is evidence indicating that thestrength of the glass in multilayers is greatly decreased in the presence ofbrine. Metallic materials are presence of brine. Metallic materials arecomparatively expensive and corrode, so their use has been very limited. Otherresearch has looked at deformable materials, such as nut shells, that will notcrush and will prop open a fracture when a partial layer is present. The use ofdeformable propping materials in partial monolayer propping materials inpartial monolayer concentrations appears to have decreased in recent years.

Principles of shale gas and mining technology

shale gas refers to occur in  unconventional gas   often distributed in source rocks of sedimentary basin formation. However, this gas is trapped in dense, almost no pores and cracks in the shale, in the exploitation of its formation must be artificial fracturing, manufacturing long cracks, and to the formation of cracks prop channel, so keep up the pressure and gas continuously flow into the wellbore.

Shale gas extraction technology is mainly horizontal drilling techniques and hydraulic fracturing technology. Mainly for the production of horizontal wells, you can get a larger reservoir discharge area, get higher natural gas production. The purpose of  Hydraulic fracturing  is to increase the well bore and gas reservoir rocks contacts for oil and gas to the well bore to provide a high penetration of mobile channel. The basic process is the completion of the drilling and installation of drilling, high-pressure liquid mixture into the drilling, so that gas reservoir rocks crack, and the high-pressure liquid Proppant into the fracture to keep it open after the state, making this a hydraulic fracture The oil and gas drilling speed channel guide. High pressure liquid water and solid support by the agents (such as quartz sand) and chemical additives, water, sand content is generally 98% - 99.5%, additive content of 0.5% - 2%. For high-pressure fluid has more than 250 kinds of chemical additives.

The global shale gas exploration significance

Including shale gas,Fracturing proppant including unconventional oil and gas resources, the impact on the U.S. economy is not limited to oil and gas sector has been, electricity as an important factor of production, basically involves all sectors of the national economy.

Currently, the largest U.S. electricity demand from civilian consumption accounted for 38%, followed by commercial and industrial, were 35% and 27%. Lower electricity prices to the residents of adding more and more disposable income, consumer confidence, business users also reduces operating costs,ceramic ball U.S. domestic manufacturing industry compared to international competitors gained more cost advantage. These positive factors are slowly recovering from the recession in the U.S. economy is significant.

According to the United States, as the think tank pole (HIS) estimated that by 2035 the amount of gas-fired generation and coal power generation capacity will be comparable. This will completely change the U.S. secondary energy structure, but also for the United States in the global carbon market for more right to speak, at the same time,frac sand companies natural gas power generation but also for the United States a smoother transition to renewable energy to provide the impetus.

oil fracturing proppant

Called Oil fracturing proppant, along with a high-pressure solution proppant into the formation maide oil fracturing proppant filling in cracks in the rock , play a supporting fissures not because of stress release and closed , thereby maintaining high conductivity , so that the oil and gas flow, increase production. Also known as petroleum oil proppant fracturing proppant . After deep mining in the oil and gas , high pressure low permeability deposit after closing fracturing treatment, the rock cracked petroleum , oil and gas from the cracks in the channel formed by the collection of out of the fluid injected into the rock at this grassroots needs to exceed formation fracture compressive strength , making the rock around the wellbore cracks , forming a high-level flow channel has the ability , in order to maide fracturing proppants maintain after fracturing the formation of cracks in the open , the oil and gas product can smoothly pass. Along with a high-pressure solution proppant into the formation filling in cracks in the rock , not because of stress fractures play a supporting release of closed , thereby maintaining high conductivity , so that the oil and gas flow, increase production.

Selection of oil fracturing proppant size standard

Uniform particle size, low density.

In general, hydraulic fracking with proppant size is not single, but a certain range, if the separation degree of the support agent difference, the process of reproduction, blocking flow channel, the influence of sand filling fracture flow  proppant conductivity, so the particle size and the degree of sorting is a certain request.

In the domestic field of commonly used 20/40 mesh support agent as an example, there are at least 90% sand through the sieve after is located in the 20~40 between the eyes, at the same time demand is greater than the first number sieve sand weight is less than 0.1%, but less than the last screen amount cannot be greater than 1%.

The ideal support agent density is small, preferably less than 2000kg/m3, in order to facilitate thecarrying fluid to carry into the fracture.

Oil fracturing proppant application what?

Oil fracturing proppant application what?


Oil frac proppant for oil and natural gas wells in low permeability oil and gas fracturing the key material, the use of the product, can effectively improve oil and gas production and extend well life. Proppant type 1, from the category ductile brittle ceramic proppant，Toughness proppant 2, from the timber

Qualitative classification of quartz sand, aluminum balls, walnut shells, glass beads, plastic balls, steel balls, ceramic, resin-coated sand, etc., current usage is: quartz sand accounted for 50% market share, resin-coated sand about market share of 15% of the ceramic with high hardness, low cost and is widely used.

Ceramic proppant industry defined

Ceramic proppant industry definition, how to define the petroleum industry with ceramic proppant it? Ceramic proppant is a ceramic particle product with high fracture strength, mainly used for oil well supported in order to increase oil and gas production, an environmentally friendly product. Ceramic proppant is to use a variety of high-quality raw materials, sintered bauxite, is a natural frac sand , glass beads, metal balls, Low density proppant substitute for oil and gas production with good results.
Oil and gas deep mining, the high closure pressure low permeability deposits by fracturing treatment, the rock cracked hydrocarbon, oil and gas from the cracks formed in the channel pooling out. Ceramic support material with a solution into the formation along with the high-pressure filling fissures in the rock, play a supporting fissure is closed not because of the role of stress release, thereby maintaining high conductivity, so that gas flow, increase production. Practice has proved that using ceramic proppant fracturing wells can increase production from 30 to 50%, but also to extend the service life of oil and gas wells.

"Oil and Gas Revolution" and China rub shoulders

The United States is experiencing a historic energy revolution. 1973 oil crisis occurred in the U.S. energy system vulnerability exposed, but this has become history, with the hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling technology breakthroughs, the United States significantly increase production of oil and gas, had swept away the haze and ushered in a new energy security period. Many people want to know that this kind of technology based on the U.S. version of oil changes can migrate to China. If this change in China, and the latter's energy security and reduction pressures will be greatly alleviated. However, even mastered the U.S. technology, China copied the possibility of American energy revolution is quite small. U.S. shale revolution, technological progress is the direct cause, but a deeper reason lies in its industrial structure is more reasonable, oil and gas companies more flexible and adaptable. Even in the same country, the U.S. oil and gas industry with the local community and there are many other industries are not the same place. Oil and gas industry and its business culture to accept a higher degree of uncertainty, degree of emphasis on the individual than collective,Fracturing proppant while the lower tolerance level relationship, which gives the industry an unusual adventure. In addition, the U.S. oil and gas industry enterprises are private ownership rather than state ownership. As we all know, the latter work efficiency, capital efficiency, operational innovation and sustain growth and other aspects of a negative impact. Raised above characteristics and comparison with the Chinese do not flatter the United States,ceramic ball only to briefly point out that if China attaches importance to efficient exploitation of oil and gas resources, then pursue similar to the U.S. system can achieve better results.