The Ceramic Proppant is one of the most well known

The Ceramic Proppant is one of the most well known and also eco-friendly materials made of ceramic such as the sintered bauxite. It carries a much higher fracturing strength which is used with downhole support in order to provide a very efficient conduit for the fluid production from reservoir to wellbore that way adding output to gas and oil companies.This bauxite proppant comes from bauxite mixed with other additives that way the proppant has on its composition aluminium oxide, iron and silicate.It is a round shaped particle that is much better for fracturing of deep oil and also gas stratum with a lot of pressure. The rounder the better when it comes to withstanding higher amounts of pressure. This kind of proppant is also very good to make the conductivity go higher.When compared to other proppants,ceramic has a much smoother texture,higher fracturing hardness;it is acid proof and also alkali proof.

Operators can choose from a wide range of proppants

Operators can choose from a wide range of proppants—ultrahigh performance for the most severe conditions to frac sand—for their completions.Often, we’re asked if there’s a measurable performance difference between resin-coated proppant and resin coated frac sand, especially where closure stress conditions are in the intermediate range between 4,000 psi and 8,000 psi.
During the 60 years since our company was founded, we have documented that resin-coated proppant offers superior performance and increased well net present value in these conditions. Resin coatings, which are continuously quality controlled and tested, are the optimal approach to managing the forces that can reduce
short-term and long-term hydrocarbon production.

improve shale reservoir stimulation treatment by using ultra lightweight proppants in fracturing fluids

The goal of the present work is to improve shale reservoir stimulation treatment by using ultra lightweight proppants in fracturing fluids. Slickwater has become the most popular fracturing fluid for fracturing shales in recent times because it creates long and skinny fractures and it is relatively cheap. The problem with slickwater is the high rate of settling of common proppants, e.g. sand, which results in propped fractures which are much smaller than the original fractures. Use of gels can help in proppant transport but introduce large formation damage by blocking pores in nano-darcy shales. Gel trapping in the proppant pack causes reduction in permeability of the proppant pack. The light weight proppants which can easily be transported by slickwater and at the same time be able to provide enough fracture conductivity may solve this problem. Three ultra light weight proppants (ULW1, ULW2, and ULW3) have been studied. The mechanical properties of the proppant packs as well as single proppants have been measured. Conductivity of proppant packs has been determined as a function of proppant concentration and confining stress at an average Barnett shale temperature of 95℃.

Hydraulic fracturing is used in the oil and gas

Hydraulic fracturing is used in the oil and gas industry to increase the flow of oil and/or gas from a well. The producing formation is fractured open using hydraulic pressure and then proppants (propping agents) are pumped into the oil well with fracturing fluid to hold the fissures open so that the natural gas or crude oil can flow up the well. The proppant size, shape, and mechanical strength influences the integrity of the newly created fractures, and therefore the flow of oil and gas out of the well.

Hydraulic fracturing is a safe, proven and government-regulated technology

Hydraulic fracturing is a safe, proven and government-regulated technology that has been used in Canada for more than 60 years. In hydraulic fracturing, fluids are injected at pressures that exceed the natural stresses on the rock and cause it to crack, or fracture. Creating these fractures in hydrocarbon-bearing rock layers deep underground is not enough to allow oil and gas to flow into the wellbore.Once the fractured reservoir rock is held open with fluid pressure, proppant, usually sand or ceramic proppants, is introduced into the fluid to prop open the fractures. After the hydraulic fracturing process, the fracturing fluids are recovered and the fractures remain held open by proppant. The
hydrocarbons trapped inside the rocks can now flow more easily through the cracks to the wellbore.

Bauxite proppant is an aluminum ore from which most aluminum is extracted.

Ceramic proppants are engineered from either non-metallurgical bauxite or kaolin clay to have relatively high roundness, sphericity and size that can withstand very high levels of downhole pressure.Bauxite proppant is an aluminum ore from which most aluminum is extracted. Kaolin is a mineral clay that also contains aluminum, but not at ore grade levels. Through a process called sintering both materials can achieve superior strength characteristics.

The choice of which proppant to use in a formation depends on many factors.

When the proppant particles settle out of the fracturing fluid that transported them to the fracture, they form a mesh that allows the liberated oil and gas to flow through it on the way to the wellbore.The most common types of proppants are grains of resin coated silica sand and man-made (engineered) ceramic material.The choice of which proppant to use in a formation depends on many factors. Proppants have to deal with high pressures, temperatures and fluids – water (fresh and salt), oil and gas. The classical proppant selection factors are size, shape, strength, and density.

Proppant scaling is a geochemical reaction

Proppant scaling is a geochemical reaction that occurs between an uncoated ceramic proppant pack and the formation in a wet, hot downhole fracture environment. While this reaction normally happens slowly in shallower formations, it accelerates under the higher pressures and temperatures. The result of proppant scaling is a severe loss of proppant pack porosity and permeability as fines and debris are created in the proppant pack. Uncoated lightweight ceramics can lose up to 90% proppant pack permeability in just a few days. Resin coated proppant drastically reduce the impact of downhole proppant scaling, resulting in improved fracture flow capacity and significantly higher long-term productivity.