lightweight proppant, in particular, embed deeply into soft shale formations.

Uncoated proppants and precured resin coated silica sand often deeply embed into softer formations due to the increased single point loading between the proppant grain and the soft fracture face. This leads to reduced fracture width and lower fracture flow capacity.
lightweight proppant, in particular, embed deeply into soft shale formations. An additional issue with proppant embedment is the spalling of formation fines which can migrate and cause additional loss of fracture conductivity. With curable resin coated proppants, instead of just single grain point loading, there are multiple grains bonded together. This lattice network of deformable surfaces provided by the curable resin coating has shown to reduce embedment by redistributing stresses on the proppant pack within the fracture.

Ceramic proppants can be one of the key components in the state of the art process of gas and oil well fracking

Ceramic proppants can be one of the key components in the state of the art process of gas and oil well fracking  . The introduction of proppants to the process of hydraulic fracturing has brought about increased hydrocarbon production rates and recovery. Proppants prevent fracture closure by keeping the hydraulically created fractures propped open with a high conductivity medium, and allow for an increased fracture flow capacity. Technical and chemical characteristics of proppants dramatically influence their efficiency in hydraulic fracturing. Having the correct location specific proppant can make a significant difference on a well’s production rate and life, and profitability, and for this reason it is imperative to utilize the appropriate product or products. Fores is a trusted ceramic proppant supplier. View details on our top materials below, download a technical data sheet or request a quote.

Ceramic proppants come in different anti crushing strengths and sizes

Other types of proppants like sand or sand-based might be cheaper, but both engineering study and real oil and gas production experiences show that ceramic proppants provide higher and consistent oil and gas production rate due to their higher strength, uniformed sizes and shapes regardless in the shapes of reservoirs and their conditions. Ceramic Proppant grains with uniform size and shape has great advantage of providing maximum porosity for the oil and gas flow channel and allows more oil and gas flow the proppant pack.
Ceramic proppants come in different anti crushing strengths and sizes, and can be classified as into middle ranged density ceramic proppants, mid to high density ceramic proppants. Each group has different ranges of anti-crushing strength.

The resin coating of the precured proppants provides crush resistance to the substrate.

Resin coated proppant can be further classified into precured and curable resin coated proppants. Precured resin coated proppants comprise a substrate coated with a resin which has been significantly crosslinked. The resin coating of the precured proppants provides crush resistance to the substrate. Since the resin coating is already cured before it is introduced into the well, even under high pressure and temperature conditions, the proppant does not agglomerate. Such precured resin coated proppants are typically held in the well by the stress surrounding them. In some hydraulic fracturing circumstances, the precured proppants in the well would flow back from the fracture, especially during clean up or production in oil and gas wells. Some of the proppant can be transported out of the fractured zones and into the well bore by fracturing fluid produced from the well. This transportation is known as flow back.

One advantage of this low density proppant is that fewer pounds of this proppant are required

One advantage of this low density proppant is that fewer pounds of this proppant are required, as compared to high density ceramic, to fill a given void in the formation. Since proppants are generally sold by the pound, the user buys fewer pounds of proppant for a particular application. Another advantage of this low density proppant is the ability to use a lower viscosity fracturing fluid during pumping operations, resulting in more economical pumping at lower pumping rates than those required with the use of heavier or denser proppants. Still another advantage is the relatively low silica content.
These advantages can be achieved by forming solid spherical pellets or particles from kaolin clay having an alumina content of between 40 and 60%. Normally, this material would have an apparent specific gravity of about 3.0 g/cc, as disclosed in Lunghofer. However, the density can be significantly reduced by carefully controlling the time and temperature of the firing process. In order to achieve an apparent specific gravity of from about 1.60 to about 2.10 g/cc and a bulk density of from about 0.95 to about 1.30 g/cc, the pellets are fired at a temperature of from about 1200 to about 1350° C.

The new technique involves super lightweight proppant

The new technique involves super lightweight proppant and water weight polymers, super lightweight proppant settling rate is much slower than the sand and ceramics, which to some extent reduces the required volume of water, while some offset by higher unit costs.
Method is a very meaningful alternative to the solution to promote adhesion of microbubbles sediment, like ultra lightweight proppant as easily portable, which reduces the amount of traditional job requirements, but also improve the well productivity, the main is due to improved connectivity.
A different strategy is the channel Fiber can be used for coagulation proppant pillar structure and the formation of poly block channels to promote traffic and prevent the scattering of the pumping process.
For the North American onshore  Unconventional gas  services sector, the main driver of value creation may turn to technology to improve operational efficiency and production integration. In fact, the technology has the potential to improve the mechanical efficiency of the equipment through improved standardization and standardization of equipment.

Shale gas water fracturing technology and China's constraints

Horizontal drilling and multi-stage fracturing of shale gas development is the core technology, but also the countries hope to break through the technical "bottleneck." Currently, large-scale hydraulic fracturing proppant is the transformation of shale gas, the key to creating business capacity, but can not fully meet the actual needs of China. Compared with North America, China shale gas development more special geological conditions, scope buried deeper stratigraphic older.

China shale gas are located in Sichuan, Guizhou, Xinjiang, Songliao and other hilly, mountainous areas, water scarcity, transportation inconvenience, a large water fracturing can only meet the pre-trial development, when large-scale commercial exploitation of these problems will certainly as a constraint to the development of shale gas an important factor. Therefore, to explore shale gas development to adapt to China's technology system, the formation of independent property rights of the original innovation is the only way for China's shale gas development.

the new high-strength bauxite proppant

This paper discusses laboratory studies of the new high-strength bauxite proppant, describes field applications of the proppant, and summarizes factors affecting hydraulic fracture stimulation. The field results have shown that the benefits predicted from laboratory studies can be realized. Wide spread use of the new high-strength proppant is expected in the future.

MAIDE Ceramics Company has worked to develop high crush proppants.

MAIDE Ceramics Company has worked for several years to develop improved, high crush proppants. A wide variety of materials weretested in the laboratory under simulated reservoir conditions. One material,sintered bauxite proppant particles, showed greatly improved properties particles,showed greatly improved properties over any material available in the past andit has been field tested to date in 12 wells--all deeper than 10,000 ft.

hydraulic fracturing treatments in order to produce at economic rates

The shortage of natural gas in the U.S. has caused an increasing number of deep well completions over the past several years--a trend that will likelycontinue. Many of these deeper wells will require hydraulic fracturing treatments in order to produce at economic rates. To achieve successful fracturing results, a material having properties superior to sand is needed toprop open the hydraulic fractures created at the high earth stresses present indeep wells.Resin coated silica sand, the commonly used propping material, tends to crush atclosure stresses encountered in deep formations, producing fine particles orfragments that can drastically reduce fluid conductivity of the proppedfracture. propped fracture. Efforts to develop a proppant capable of bearinghigh stresses without excessive crushing have produced such materials as glassbeads, steel shot, and aluminum pellets. Glass beads have been usedcommercially for over ten years, but there is evidence indicating that thestrength of the glass in multilayers is greatly decreased in the presence ofbrine. Metallic materials are presence of brine. Metallic materials arecomparatively expensive and corrode, so their use has been very limited. Otherresearch has looked at deformable materials, such as nut shells, that will notcrush and will prop open a fracture when a partial layer is present. The use ofdeformable propping materials in partial monolayer propping materials inpartial monolayer concentrations appears to have decreased in recent years.

Principles of shale gas and mining technology

shale gas refers to occur in  unconventional gas   often distributed in source rocks of sedimentary basin formation. However, this gas is trapped in dense, almost no pores and cracks in the shale, in the exploitation of its formation must be artificial fracturing, manufacturing long cracks, and to the formation of cracks prop channel, so keep up the pressure and gas continuously flow into the wellbore.

Shale gas extraction technology is mainly horizontal drilling techniques and hydraulic fracturing technology. Mainly for the production of horizontal wells, you can get a larger reservoir discharge area, get higher natural gas production. The purpose of  Hydraulic fracturing  is to increase the well bore and gas reservoir rocks contacts for oil and gas to the well bore to provide a high penetration of mobile channel. The basic process is the completion of the drilling and installation of drilling, high-pressure liquid mixture into the drilling, so that gas reservoir rocks crack, and the high-pressure liquid Proppant into the fracture to keep it open after the state, making this a hydraulic fracture The oil and gas drilling speed channel guide. High pressure liquid water and solid support by the agents (such as quartz sand) and chemical additives, water, sand content is generally 98% - 99.5%, additive content of 0.5% - 2%. For high-pressure fluid has more than 250 kinds of chemical additives.

The global shale gas exploration significance

Including shale gas,Fracturing proppant including unconventional oil and gas resources, the impact on the U.S. economy is not limited to oil and gas sector has been, electricity as an important factor of production, basically involves all sectors of the national economy.

Currently, the largest U.S. electricity demand from civilian consumption accounted for 38%, followed by commercial and industrial, were 35% and 27%. Lower electricity prices to the residents of adding more and more disposable income, consumer confidence, business users also reduces operating costs,ceramic ball U.S. domestic manufacturing industry compared to international competitors gained more cost advantage. These positive factors are slowly recovering from the recession in the U.S. economy is significant.

According to the United States, as the think tank pole (HIS) estimated that by 2035 the amount of gas-fired generation and coal power generation capacity will be comparable. This will completely change the U.S. secondary energy structure, but also for the United States in the global carbon market for more right to speak, at the same time,frac sand companies natural gas power generation but also for the United States a smoother transition to renewable energy to provide the impetus.

oil fracturing proppant

Called Oil fracturing proppant, along with a high-pressure solution proppant into the formation maide oil fracturing proppant filling in cracks in the rock , play a supporting fissures not because of stress release and closed , thereby maintaining high conductivity , so that the oil and gas flow, increase production. Also known as petroleum oil proppant fracturing proppant . After deep mining in the oil and gas , high pressure low permeability deposit after closing fracturing treatment, the rock cracked petroleum , oil and gas from the cracks in the channel formed by the collection of out of the fluid injected into the rock at this grassroots needs to exceed formation fracture compressive strength , making the rock around the wellbore cracks , forming a high-level flow channel has the ability , in order to maide fracturing proppants maintain after fracturing the formation of cracks in the open , the oil and gas product can smoothly pass. Along with a high-pressure solution proppant into the formation filling in cracks in the rock , not because of stress fractures play a supporting release of closed , thereby maintaining high conductivity , so that the oil and gas flow, increase production.

Selection of oil fracturing proppant size standard

Uniform particle size, low density.

In general, hydraulic fracking with proppant size is not single, but a certain range, if the separation degree of the support agent difference, the process of reproduction, blocking flow channel, the influence of sand filling fracture flow  proppant conductivity, so the particle size and the degree of sorting is a certain request.

In the domestic field of commonly used 20/40 mesh support agent as an example, there are at least 90% sand through the sieve after is located in the 20~40 between the eyes, at the same time demand is greater than the first number sieve sand weight is less than 0.1%, but less than the last screen amount cannot be greater than 1%.

The ideal support agent density is small, preferably less than 2000kg/m3, in order to facilitate thecarrying fluid to carry into the fracture.

Oil fracturing proppant application what?

Oil fracturing proppant application what?


Oil frac proppant for oil and natural gas wells in low permeability oil and gas fracturing the key material, the use of the product, can effectively improve oil and gas production and extend well life. Proppant type 1, from the category ductile brittle ceramic proppant，Toughness proppant 2, from the timber

Qualitative classification of quartz sand, aluminum balls, walnut shells, glass beads, plastic balls, steel balls, ceramic, resin-coated sand, etc., current usage is: quartz sand accounted for 50% market share, resin-coated sand about market share of 15% of the ceramic with high hardness, low cost and is widely used.

Ceramic proppant industry defined

Ceramic proppant industry definition, how to define the petroleum industry with ceramic proppant it? Ceramic proppant is a ceramic particle product with high fracture strength, mainly used for oil well supported in order to increase oil and gas production, an environmentally friendly product. Ceramic proppant is to use a variety of high-quality raw materials, sintered bauxite, is a natural frac sand , glass beads, metal balls, Low density proppant substitute for oil and gas production with good results.
Oil and gas deep mining, the high closure pressure low permeability deposits by fracturing treatment, the rock cracked hydrocarbon, oil and gas from the cracks formed in the channel pooling out. Ceramic support material with a solution into the formation along with the high-pressure filling fissures in the rock, play a supporting fissure is closed not because of the role of stress release, thereby maintaining high conductivity, so that gas flow, increase production. Practice has proved that using ceramic proppant fracturing wells can increase production from 30 to 50%, but also to extend the service life of oil and gas wells.

"Oil and Gas Revolution" and China rub shoulders

The United States is experiencing a historic energy revolution. 1973 oil crisis occurred in the U.S. energy system vulnerability exposed, but this has become history, with the hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling technology breakthroughs, the United States significantly increase production of oil and gas, had swept away the haze and ushered in a new energy security period. Many people want to know that this kind of technology based on the U.S. version of oil changes can migrate to China. If this change in China, and the latter's energy security and reduction pressures will be greatly alleviated. However, even mastered the U.S. technology, China copied the possibility of American energy revolution is quite small. U.S. shale revolution, technological progress is the direct cause, but a deeper reason lies in its industrial structure is more reasonable, oil and gas companies more flexible and adaptable. Even in the same country, the U.S. oil and gas industry with the local community and there are many other industries are not the same place. Oil and gas industry and its business culture to accept a higher degree of uncertainty, degree of emphasis on the individual than collective,Fracturing proppant while the lower tolerance level relationship, which gives the industry an unusual adventure. In addition, the U.S. oil and gas industry enterprises are private ownership rather than state ownership. As we all know, the latter work efficiency, capital efficiency, operational innovation and sustain growth and other aspects of a negative impact. Raised above characteristics and comparison with the Chinese do not flatter the United States,ceramic ball only to briefly point out that if China attaches importance to efficient exploitation of oil and gas resources, then pursue similar to the U.S. system can achieve better results.

The ends off the sand fracturing technology

With the exploitation of oil and gas fields crossover technology development and integrated use of a variety of process technology, the scope of application of fracturing proppants technology is no longer confined to low-permeability formations, high-permeability formations have begun to use this technology to improve development results. When oil well fracking  technology used in high-permeability formations, hoping to form a short, wide cracks and crack control as much as possible within the scope of the oil and gas layers. In order to meet the requirements of this particular foreign mid-80s in the 20th century developed the ends off the sand natural gas fracking  technology, and soon applied to the site, currently also carried out research in this area, and has made great progress .

Density proppant improve fracture conductivity

Presented findings water fracturing fluid density ceramic proppant suppliers  To investigate this new fracturing fluid proppant carrying capacity and the ability to completely fill proppant problem generating cracks. Studies have shown a conventional proppant pack, which can only generate a fracture cross section of the hydraulic fracture stimulation pack, while the use of a low density proppant, can fracture length and high slit cracks can be further extended. So far, in the Permian Basin of west Texas, has been the application of this new technology was patented 130 times fracturing treatment, this new technology is mainly used an artificial low-density material called LiteProp

Economic benefit of fracturing proppant

Proppant economic benefit, as one of the fracturing proppant material, in the evaluation of fracturing economic benefit is always an expenditure. As specified in the fracturing payback time (for example, six months or a year) is fracturing design personnel must compare various proppant in the same closed pressure prices than [unit, um2.cm/ ($.T) or um2/ ($.M3)] and price than in the overall net gains (NPV value) and the effects of continuous time.

  If a certain type of a certain size of proppant conductivity in the provision of the repayment time can meet the requirements, the proppant can be used as one of the candidate's support agent.

Precise hydraulic fracturing design

Large water conservancy frac proppant selection and optimization design, the site has been in use is to repeat the test approach, in this more than 10 years, the continuous improvement of calculation model, obviously improves the feasibility of time and contains repayment cash flow rate of economic evaluation, the precise design.( ceramic proppant supplier )

  In order to obtain high flow capacity and the deep penetration of the fracture, fracturing design accurately is absolutely necessary. According to the reservoir conditions on individual applications conventional fracturing proppant selection, through the standard curve analysis and supporting agent property valuation determined.

Uniform particle size, low density.

Uniform particle size, low density.

In general, hydraulic fracturing with proppant size is not single, but a certain range, if the separation degree of the support agent difference, the process of reproduction, blocking flow channel, the influence of sand filling fracture flow conductivity of proppant, so the particle size and the degree of sorting is a certain request.

In the domestic field of commonly used 20/40 mesh support agent as an example, there are at least 90% sand through the sieve after is located in the 20~40 between the eyes, at the same time demand is greater than the first number sieve sand weight is less than 0.1%, but less than the last screen amount cannot be greater than 1%.

The ideal support agent density is small, preferably less than 2000kg/m3, in order to facilitate thecarrying fluid to carry into the fracture.

The choice of meaning of oil fracturing proppant

Hydraulic Fracturing Proppants accounted for the entire cost of 1/3~1/2, not only often represents amost cost of oil and gas well early, but especially decides the economic life of oil and gas wells or oil.

  Fracturing charges too large may be unnecessary waste of the whole capital, whereas the fracturing operation is too small, will be due to lack of reservoir produced fluid, resulting in a well withoutbenefit.

  In the fracturing operation, the fluid in the reservoir gradually discharged, leaving only is proppant propped fractures, to keep the channel open. Provide a high flow capacity of channel, to increase oil and gas flow can flow into the wellbore, keep the reservoir long-term flow capacity.

  Therefore in hydraulic fracturing optimization design, type and size of produced layer supporting agent have significant meaning and key role.

The requirements of oil field

In order to ensure the oil fracturing effect, the requirements of various oil companies must use the oil fracturing proppant products manufacturers and management within the network, and requests the oil oil and gas production departments take the responsibility, management the oil fracturing proppant daily work.

  If the oil found good proppant sand manufacturers and products in new product trial, should be timely recovery toexploration and production company of technology of gas recovery and recommended requirements manufacturers put forward as soon as possible network applications.

Viscoelastic surfactant fracturing fluid

To reduce the fracturing process proppant sand manufacturers  eservoir and propped fracture injury , developed a viscoelastic surfactant fracturing fluids and using a capillary rheometer test equipment, the performance of fracturing fluid were Research . Laboratory evaluation results show that the ceramic proppants under conditions of 100 ℃ and 170s-1 , and after 1h shear viscosity in 130mPa · s or more ; 120 ℃ under the conditions of 170s-1 and , after 1h shear viscosity of 50mPa · s or more ; with the extension of the shearing time , a small change in viscosity of the fracturing fluid ; with decreasing temperature , the viscosity of the fracturing fluid has good recovery . The test results show that the high viscosity fracturing fluid and low cost , formation damage fracturing fluid lower than about 50 %. Field test confirmed that friction viscoelastic surfactant fracturing fluid equivalent to 25 % to 30% water friction , and friction is lower than the fracturing fluid 1MPa/1000m, 2口fracture stimulation of oil wells 5600t. Use the fracturing liquid fracturing , can effectively reduce the fracturing fluid to the reservoir and propped fracture damage, while improving the well stimulation effect . 

Proppants be used in deep, high-pressure oil and gas layers.

Proppants for hydraulic fracturing can be used in deep, high-pressure oil and gas layers. High quality bauxite, the raw material for the king to be finely ground into a fine powder after crushing, with various additives, repeatedly kneading, granulation, polishing. Sintered at high temperature, the fracturing proppant has high strength, low density, good sphericity, finish high conductivity and strong advantages. By the China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Langfang Branch support evaluation laboratory testing, the performance indicators fully meet SY / T5108-2006, SY / T6302-1997 standard, currently in the lead.

Coal seam gas shale gas as two different unconventional gas

Coal seam gas development approach used is pressure depletion method,shale gas mining technology, including horizontal well technology and multi-fracturing, water fracturing, repeated fracturing technology and the latest technology to synchronize fracturing, although adsorption and the simultaneous presence of gas in free phase, but the development of shale gas does not need to drain down. With the rapid development of coalbed methane industry, shale gas development has entered a rapid development period. As two
different unconventional gas, coal bed methane and shale gas in the formation of the gas source, and many commonalities and differences exist reservoirs etc.

             

An effective low density proppant

Hydraulic fracturing from the late 1840s and continue to innovate. Oil and gas industry has been relying on technology development fracturing marginal economic fields. Past research focused on technology development in a more clean and efficient fracturing fluids, proppants do not get the same degree of attention and development (except the resin coating and ceramic technology). Because any particular form of crack would limit the amount of proppant placed, thus creating a ceiling proppant pack conductivity of the final. To improve this situation, so there is an effective low density proppant

Proppants is widely used

Proppants currently used mainly in quartz sand, resin coated ceramic support agents and composite particles. Due to the low cost quartz sand, while low density easy pumping, is widely used, but quartz sand strong low end, the ball is poor, reducing fracture conductivity, does not apply to closed high pressure deep well. resin coated sand proppant, the sphericity improved corrosion resistance strong, conductivity is also good, but the products remain short-term, the cost is too high, the cost-oriented promotion is not easy today, while the use of bauxite ceramic proppants ceramic technology, high density, good sphericity, corrosion resistance, high temperature, high pressure, while the costs can be better controlled, and therefore more and more widely used in oil and gas fields.
          

Petroleum proppant also called oil fracturing proppants.

Petroleum proppant also called oil fracturing proppants. When oil and gas after deep mining, high closure pressure after fracturing low permeability deposit processing, the hydrocarbon formation split, passage of oil and gas from the cracks formed in the collection out of the fluid injected into the rock grassroots needs at this time, to exceed the formation fracture pressure strength, so that cracks the rock around the wellbore,  Proppant into the formation along with the high-pressure solution filled in cracks in the rock, play a supporting fissures not because of stress release and closing action, thereby maintaining high conductivity, so that oil and gas flow, increase production.

Oil well fracking s widely used in oilfield.

Oil well fracking of new wells in the reservoir is low porosity, fluid flow out; or old older oil wells are blocked, the oil flow resistance is large, with high pressure and a certain liquid pressure to open the bottom of proppant into the fracture It is supported, thereby enhancing the formation conductivity, to achieve an end yield very effective technological measures. It is a production efficiency, enhanced oil recovery process for a very important and is widely used in oilfield.

Not all mining water will disappear forever. hsp proppant In the process of drilling and hydraulic fracturing, we have one tenth to three-quarters of the water will flow back to the surface, and these reflux water contains toxic chemicals. Mining companies can use these water recycling, for the next hydraulic fracturing, or it can be stored in water tanks, also can be discharged directly into surface waters. Thus, if water is not properly treated back, it could contaminate local groundwater, further increasing the risk of the local water supply.
WRI said that China is not the only country affected by distress, large reserves of shale oil and gas resources, many of which are located in areas of water scarcity. Unfortunately, China is one of the countries most severely affected by distress.
In China, the South is more abundant water petroleum proppant resources, but most of the shale oil and gas resources in the north. China shale gas reserves are mainly concentrated in the Sichuan Basin and Tarim Basin, two regional water supplies are very tight, oil and gas extraction faces enormous challenges. Worse, large reserves of shale oil and gas resources are all densely populated areas, which means that if companies want to mine, in addition to diverted irrigation water, but also water and industrial competitiveness and domestic water. If not handled properly, shale oil and gas resources will lead to water shortages and water pollution double disaster of.

Of the world's top energy consumer China,bauxite proppant the world's first shale gas reserves is undoubtedly good news. On the one hand, the International Energy Agency said earlier, to 2035, China's natural gas consumption will increase by five times or; on the other hand, 70% of China's total energy consumption is coal, dependence on coal resulted in severe air pollution .
But the World Resources Institute (WRI) in announced the good news, but also poured cold water: more than three-fifths of China shale oil and gas resources are located in water-scarce areas, and the exploitation of shale gas without water. Existing shale gas extraction process, is together will inject millions of liters total water, sand and chemicals underground shale, ceramic proppant supplier fracturing the rock, so that shale gas overflow. Sustainable Resource Management as a non-governmental research institutions, WRI said that in the United States, only drilling requires 200,000 to 2,500,000 liters of water, hydraulic fracturing link demand for water is as high as 7 million to 23 million liters.

US natural gas production is constantly refresh Shale gas revolution the record, but there are more and more indications that the shale revolution wildest days may have passed.
US government data released on Tuesday showed US natural gas production in 2013 rose to 70.21 billion cubic feet, but production increased by only 1.5% over 2012, which was in 2005 after the start of large-scale use of new drilling techniques exploit the huge stock of page rock formations lowest annual growth since natural gas. US Energy Information Administration is expected in 2014 and 2015, US natural gas production will increase by 2.1% and 1.3%, respectively.
IAF research consultancy director Kyle natural gas fracking Cooper, said: "The growth of total production comes from shale gas, shale gas production data are now falling quickly to reflect the fact that this means that the oil companies need to keep open. Arai. this means that companies need to maintain a high frequency of drilling will ensure a yield. "

Our shale gas reserves, although large, proppant supplier but the impression by the terrain conditions, technical and economic and other factors, the development extremely difficult. High water consumption and environmental threats become shale gas development on the road of the "stumbling block", which makes part of the project has been mined shale gas is not as expected in the well. Each country is different according to their own circumstances Looking endowment policies for the development of shale gas balance, while China, how will it?
Shale gas is a very huge resource potential of unconventional oil and gas resources, has long been affected by many factors, technical, economic, and its development has been relatively slow.
China shale gas resources as one of the richest countries, the development of shale gas resources is also considered to enhance China's natural gas supply capacity, an important way to "cut coal enlargement of gas," national energy strategy. However, to achieve this goal is no easy task, the upstream development of environmental issues will be restricting large-scale shale gas, a key factor for sustainable development. Investment Advisor Director Guo Li pointed out that China shale gas reserves, although large, but the rugged terrain, poor infrastructure and deeper shale gas layer also makes the development very difficult, and preliminary exploration of shale gas development investment, investment high-risk, long payback period, is heavily dependent on pipeline construction and other characteristics also makes its liquidity the ability to develop business requirements are relatively high.
High water consumption and environmental threats become shale gas development on the road of the "stumbling block", which makes part of the project has been mined shale gas is not as expected in the well. On the one hand, horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing method is the core technology for shale gas, but fracturing mining requires large amounts of water, even if flowback achieve a higher rate, it will reach the water consumption of conventional natural gas 10 times the sustainable use high density ceramic of water resources for the local impact, water consumption restricted the bottleneck of shale gas development; on the other hand, shale gas development also faces environmental problems, due to the need to page in the mining process rock fracturing fluid injected into the high contain chemical reagents, but if inadvertently penetrate into the ground or spills with the rainy season, can easily result in contamination of the local groundwater quality in shallow and, in addition, shale gas extraction process also produces noise, exhaust gas as well as environmental pollution caused by mining accidents disaster.

It is worth noting that in recent years, Coal seam gas PetroChina, Sinopec, China University of Petroleum domestic enterprises and research institutes to increase the R & D efforts for China's geological conditions, particularly in the fracturing fluid technology.
Currently, foreign patent applications in China, mainly involved for fracturing fluids under general geological conditions, while domestic application relates generally applicable to special geological situation in China fracturing fluid, domestic enterprises should also consider common fracturing fluid patent protected to further expand its technological superiority.
In addition, geological evaluation technology, domestic Chinese Academy of Sciences, PetroChina and Sinopec, led by research institutes and enterprises in the field has formed a certain technical advantages.
Based on the above analysis, it is necessary to natural gas fracking strengthen our country for the special geological conditions of China's shale gas technology development, strive to achieve technological breakthroughs in key areas; second is to support and encourage enterprises and research institutes to increase the rotary steerable drilling geology, pumping can drilling bridge plug staged fracturing and other cutting-edge technology research and development efforts, and actively carry out related patent portfolio.

The world's second-largest petrochemical group, Shale gas revolution Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) acting chief executive Yousef Abdullah Al-Benyan recently revealed: the company plans to set up a joint venture by way of expanding investment in the US shale gas projects.
SABIC company has its headquarters in Houston, Texas and the United States Enterprise Products Partners LP The company signed a cooperation agreement for shale gas. It is reported that, SABIC company will be US shale gas as a feedstock to produce olefins and other Coal seam gas derivative products.
SABIC company has said its intention to acquire the US company, has no plans to participate directly in shale gas production in Saudi Arabia, and its focus on increasing investment in the United States and China in related fields, in order to products on the market more competitive.

Shale gas is a high quality and efficient clean energy,natural gas fracturing China's shale gas reserves in the world, its effective development and utilization for the adjustment of China's energy structure, promote energy conservation, prevention of air pollution is important.
Research on shale gas exploration and development technology patents in the field situation and risks showed that: in the oil, Sinopec as the representative of Chinese enterprises with strong technical strength, but US companies patent portfolio in China intentions clear, Chinese enterprises should strengthen the horizontal well trajectory control fracturing method, fracture monitoring and other key technology research and development and patent portfolio.
Through patent search, the global shale gas exploration and development in the field of 40,000 patent applications, of which, the United States ranked first application, ranked second in China.Shale gas revolution  Patents mainly in the hands of Schlumberger, Baker Hughes, Halliburton and other three US companies, PetroChina, Sinopec ranked the world's fourth respectively, 7th.

Xiangfu district located in Henan Kaifeng City, Shale gas revolution Henan Province, the first shale gas wells have been stable gas flow, which is the country's first shale gas discovery in the urban planning area, which means Henan to make new breakthroughs in shale gas exploration and development.
According to reports, the first shale gas wells as Henan, Mou Page 1 well is located in Kaifeng City, Henan Province, Western District Xiangfu of a farmland. According to the geological survey department, Mou Page 1 well where gas technology mineable reserves of about 12.75 billion cubic meters.
It is reported that Mou found on page 1 of the well, also the country's first shale gas discovery in the urban planning Coal seam gas area. According to experts, at present, Henan shale gas development is still in the experimental stage of exploration, has not yet entered the industrial production, but the city planning area shale gas discovery has important implications for future energy use and restructuring development of urban energy.

Shale gas development mode

Although there while natural gas fracturing holding the gas in free phase exists, but does not require the development of shale gas drainage buck. Since shale gas in free phase of recovery, can naturally achieve the purpose of pressure reduction, resulting in the adsorbed phase and a small amount of ionized gas dissolved phase, to further increase natural gas production capacity and to achieve the purpose of long-term and stable. Due to low gas porosity and permeability is low productivity and recovery, so rock gas ultimate recovery depends on an effective fracturing, fracturing technology and production processes Coal seam gas have a direct impact on the economy of shale gas wells benefits.
Some experts mentioned contacting gas, JAMasters (1979) proposed a deep basin gas (Deep bagas) ideology, the establishment of a gas water inversion mode, which describes the broad prospects for natural gas exploration and development. Because identification is difficult, PR Rose et al. (1986) proposed a basin-centered gas (Basin-centergas), B. E. Recognition Law, who studied the idea of ​​improving the gas reservoirs from "gas-water inversion region" is "no edge water", thus simplifying the cumbersome identification process and to advance the recognition of the largely gas reservoirs of time. Since the determination of the "boundless bottom water still more drilling geological data it is still not the best solution.

Shale gas technology

Shale gas technology,natural gas fracturing including horizontal well technology and multi-fracturing, water fracturing, repeated fracturing technology and the latest synchronization fracturing technologies that are constantly improving the shale gas production. It is these successful application of advanced technology, promoting the rapid development of US shale gas development.Coal seam gas If we can introduce these advanced technologies, we will hand China shale gas development assistance.
China shale gas development technology advances: a drilling technology, shale gas wells 3,500 meters, 2,000 meters of drilling horizontal fastest 45 days to complete. Second, sub-drilling and fracturing technology has fully mastered the basic achieved domestically.