Maide frac sand certain acidic solution and so on

Fracturing fluid

Fracturing fluid is the fluid mine (gas, steam, oil, fresh water, salt water, hot water, etc.) in the mining process, in order to obtain high yield and borrow liquid conduction force (such as hydro, etc.) used in fracturing fluids.

Fracturing fluid is divided into two types: the first one Maide Ceramics/china

is water as a dispersion medium such as water-based fracturing fluid thickened water, gel, oil in water emulsions, water-based foam and certain acidic solution and so on. The second is mineral oil as a dispersion medium such as oil-based fracturing fluid thickened oil, oil-in-water emulsion, oil-based foam.

2 Features

Fracturing fluid performance requirements: good high viscosity, lubricity is good, a small amount of fluid loss, low friction, to be fracturing fluid layer without clogging and damage, fluid mine pollution, thermal stability and shear stability , low residue, good compatibility, broken plastic rapid, wide supply, ease of preparation, economical and reasonable.

Hydraulic fracturing is a process oil in a large displacement of the ceramic proppants‍ ground using high pressure pump, the pressure of the pressure transmission principle using a liquid, the liquid having a viscosity (usually called fracturing fluid) to be greater than the absorption capacity of the oil reservoir injection, and to gradually increase the pressure in the wellbore, which hold the bottom from the pressure, when the pressure is greater than the near wellbore formation rock to stress and tensile strength, it cracks near the bottom strata: Continue injected with with the proppant sand carrying fluid to fill the crack extends forwardly proppant in the fracture closure shut the proppant to form a sand-filled fracture geometry and having a high conductivity in the vicinity of the bottom of the formation, is well to increase production by injection purposes. Which is also known as proppant fracturing fluid. Fracturing fluid can be divided into: A water-based fracturing fluids (water fracturing fluid thickener, water gel fracturing fluid, oil in water fracturing fluids, water-based foam fracturing fluid); B oil-based fracturing fluid ( thickened oil fracturing fluid, oil gel fracturing fluid, fracturing‍ oil-in-water fracturing fluids, oil-based foam fracturing fluid). C emulsion fracturing fluid; D pure gas fracturing fluid 

Maide shale gas Coal bed methane is itself self-generated from

Status of CBM development

Survey: China to carry out CBM exploration companies is not much more powerful coal-bed methane company is one of the few, mainly in Shanxi and Henan and other places for mining, such as PetroChina Coalbed Methane Company, in conjunction, Orion, Asia United States mainland, Greka, Shanxi stim lab‍ coalbed methane companies, these companies are mostly foreign.

Data

According to "China's coalbed methane resources exploration and investment prospects Analysis Market Outlook Report Outlook" [5] data show that global shallow depth of about 240 trillion cubic meters in 2000 meters of coalbed methane resources, which is twice more than proven reserves of conventional natural gas the world's major coal-producing countries have attached great importance to the development of coalbed methane. Exploitation started the United States, Britain, Germany, Russia and other countries of CBM earlier, mainly in the former coal mining drainage and drainage ways Gob closed drainage CBM industry is more mature. Early 1980s, the United States began to experiment with the application of conventional oil and gas wells (ie, surface drilling) and get coalbed methane exploration breakthrough, marking the world's coal-bed methane development has entered a new phase.

Coal bed methane is itself self-generated from unconventional gas reservoir type, there are 74 countries in the world bears the coalbed methane resources in China amounted to 36.8 trillion cubic meters of coalbed methane resources, ranking third in the world. China CBM resources of about 10 trillion cubic meters, total proven reserves of 102.3 billion cubic meters of methane gas, recoverable reserves of about 47 billion cubic meters. 95% of the country's coal-bed methane resources are located in Shanxi, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan and Anhui, and four gas-bearing area, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia, petroleum proppant/isp ‍ which contains the largest area of ??coalbed methane gas resources for 17.25 trillion cubic meters, accounting for about 50% of the country's total coalbed methane resources.

In 2006, China will coalbed methane development included in the "Eleventh Five-Year" energy development plan, and to develop a specific implementation measures, ushered in the industrial development of coalbed methane good opportunity for development. Since 2007, the government has unveiled a broken franchise, tax incentives, financial subsidies and many other supportive policies to encourage the development and utilization of CBM, the rapid development of China's CBM industry, industrial prototype fade.

In 2007, the national gas extraction 4.735 billion cubic meters, the use of 1.446 billion cubic meters. Where underground coal mine gas drainage capacity 4.4 billion cubic meters, completed 127% planning goals. Formation of CBM production capacity of 100,000 cubic meters, is 2-fold in 2006. CBM production 330 million cubic meters, an increase of more than double in 2006. From 2005 to 2007, a total of approximately 1,700 drilling, drilling accounted for 85% of total accumulated over the years.

As of the end of 2007, the domestic proven reserves of 134 billion cubic meters of methane gas, coal bed methane in the commercial production of less than 400 million cubic meters. According to "the CBM (coal gas) development and utilization of the" Eleventh Five-Year "plan", 2010, new coal-bed methane reserves of 300 billion cubic meters of proven geological; bed methane, coal mine gas drainage capacity 10 billion cubic meters; construction seams gas pipeline 10, the total designed capacity of 6.5 billion cubic meters gas; key construction Basin, ceramic proppant ‍ Erdos Basin Dongyuan two coalbed methane industry base.

Maide unconventional gas For further expand cooperation in matters of foreign

methane foreign cooperation

Foreign Briefing

Coalbed methane gas energy as one of the three members of the family, and the exploration and development of natural gas, gas hydrates, as more and more attention around the world. Global buried at 2000 m depth of about 240 trillion proppant production‍ cubic meters of CBM resources. The United States is the world's countries most successful commercial development of coalbed methane, and from 1983 to 1995 in 12 years, annual CBM production soared from 170 million cubic meters to 25 billion cubic meters, in 2005 production reached 50 billion cubic meters of CBM meters. Expected after the 2020-2030 years ago, gas in the world energy mix will catch up and exceed the proportion of coal and oil. Experts predict that by 2010 China will reach 30 billion cubic meters of gas gap; 2020 will reach 100 billion cubic meters. In China's primary energy consumption structure, coal accounted for 74.6%, 17.6% oil, natural gas accounted for only 2%, well below the world average of 23%. With the final energy demand gradually to quality and efficient clean energy transformation, rapid growth in demand for natural gas. Development and utilization of coal-bed methane gas in the energy consumption can be constituted in the proportion increased to 10% in 2010.

Text

For further expand cooperation in matters of foreign ultra lightweight proppant‍ exploitation of coalbed methane notice:

Shang Zi Han [2007] No. 94

Provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities, separately listed cities and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, development and reform department, land and resources management department of China National Petroleum Corporation, China Petrochemical Corporation, the China National Coal Group Corporation, Shenhua Group Corporation Limited company, China United Coalbed Methane Co., Ltd.:

In order to improve our coalbed methane (coal gas) treatment and utilization of the status quo, the full introduction of foreign advanced technology and utilization of coalbed methane exploration and exploitation, to achieve security and development, clean development and conservation development goals, approved by the State Council, is to further expand notice of the matter coalbed methane exploitation of foreign cooperation as follows:

First, in accordance with the principles of both break-exclusive franchise to attract domestic and international experience, the strength of enterprises to participate in coalbed methane development, but also to avoid the "bull outside" by the Ministry of Commerce, National Development and Reform Commission jointly with relevant departments in China United Coalbed Methane Co., Ltd. then select a number of outside companies, the State Council approved in the region with foreign enterprises to develop cooperative exploitation of coalbed methane pilot.

Second, the exploitation of coalbed methane pilot enterprises should have the ability and experience of some foreign cooperation, compliance law, capital adequacy, with a range of external cooperation and including the proposed coal-bed methane blocks of coal mining rights or mining rights. List of pilot enterprises with relevant research Posed by the Ministry of Commerce, National Development and Reform Commission, focus on encouraging large state-owned coal mining enterprises and companies involved in oil and gas. Pilot enterprises to declare the matter as follows:

(A) reporting procedures

The applicant enterprises by the provincial commerce department where, after preliminary development and reform department, the Ministry of Commerce, Development and Reform Commission to apply. Enterprises directly under the proppant testing‍ central Ministry of Commerce, Development and Reform Commission to apply directly.

(B) the application materials

A reason to participate in the pilot coalbed methane exploitation of external cooperation;

2, the basic situation of enterprises, including firm size, the main business, development status and development planning;

3, corporate finance and credit, including registered capital, bank credit, corporate financial status reports and audit reports for the last three years and so on;

4, cooperation with foreign enterprises to participate in the project's historical performance reports or relevant certificates;

5 bed methane mining enterprise technology, capacity and other related note, including the list of technical equipment and certificates of employees;

6, other materials that need to provide.

(C) Reporting Time

After the declaration of pilot enterprises related materials submitted, please provincial commerce department and the development and reform departments to do preliminary work in accordance with the notification requirements, November 31 the Ministry of Commerce and the National Development and Reform Commission.

Third, as a partner of foreign companies should have: (1) at least more than five years of experience in the exploration and development of coalbed methane; (2) coalbed methane exploration and development of advanced technologies and corresponding technical team; (3) organization coalbed methane (4) good credit and adequate funding; management capabilities exploration and development operations.

Qualified foreign cooperative audit by the Ministry of Commerce.

Fourth, the pilot enterprises should carry out international cooperation within the region approved by the State Council, the approval process handled in accordance with current regulations.

The two sides need foreign cooperation contract, unless otherwise provided by law, regulation or contract provides otherwise, the contract shall be signed by the foreign enterprise (hereinafter referred to as foreign contractors) to provide exploration funding alone, and bear the risk of exploration; find commercial After mining the value of coalbed methane resources, foreign contractors and the Chinese pilot enterprises developed by joint investment cooperation; construction work of both exploration and development of cooperation can be shared or their sole responsibility, or by a third party engineering construction contracting.

Six foreign contractor in accordance with the contract can recover its investment and expenses from the production of coalbed methane in and get paid. They may, in accordance with relevant state regulations and the contract, it should have shipped abroad or coalbed methane in the territory sales. Domestic sales, generally acquired by the Chinese pilot enterprises can also be set up in our country by foreign contractors for businesses selling to a third party, but not in violation of state regulations concerning the sale of coalbed methane in our country. Foreign investment contracts could legally, profits and other lawful income remitted abroad its recovery.

Seven pilot reference to other matters, "External Cooperation Exploitation of Onshore Petroleum Resources People's Republic of China" (State Council Decree No. 317) management, execution.

Eight coal mining permits have been obtained blocks, stim lab‍ coal bed methane mining process along the ground and underground drainage recovery, coal mining rights to foreign cooperation, are not included in the scope of management of coalbed methane foreign cooperation franchise, but it should be implemented in accordance with relevant laws and regulations in force foreign cooperation or foreign investment.

Nine, the relevant departments should strengthen international cooperation in the exploration and exploitation of CBM activities supervision and management, supervision and cooperation between the two countries strictly enforce the basic requirements for a minimum amount of investment in exploration and construction period.

Department of Commerce

National Development and Reform Commission

MLR

October 17, 2007‍